Spring brings bird nesting season, but not all birds make their nests in trees. Discover five remarkable ground-nesting birds, why these rare species need space, and how small actions from visitors can help protect them during this important time of year.
Ground-nesting birds
When you think of nesting birds, you'll most likely think of twig nests in trees and hedges. But many birds lay their eggs on the ground. Ground-nesting birds often rely on remarkable camouflage to conceal their young in this risky location. Sadly, these special birds are under pressure due to habitat loss and disturbance by people and dogs.
The perfect breeding habitat
The nation’s forests are vital for ground-nesting birds, especially in open habitats such as heathland and bogs. Many of these are recognised as Sites of Special Scientific Interest (SSSIs) for their exceptional value to nature.
When is nesting season?
Ground-nesting bird season is between March and August.
Curlew
These large wading birds with majestic beaks nest in scrapes on the ground. Their plumage is beautifully camouflaged to help disguise them from potential predators, and curlew chicks can run around just hours after hatching.
This species is globally threatened and is classed as red-listed, the highest conservation priority. The New Forest is a critical breeding ground for these birds, and now one of the only areas in south-east England where curlews breed.
Lapwing
Lapwings are often nicknamed “peewits”, after the calls they give in swooping display flights. Breeding lapwings have undergone widespread and marked declines in the UK over the last few decades, making the nation's forests increasingly important for them. This species is globally threatened and is also red-listed.
Woodlark
These secretive and rare birds build their nests in heather and the felled woodland areas of the forest. Woodlarks are best seen and heard singing in February and March, early in the morning.
Thetford Forest is a significant site for these birds, with 25% of the UK's population. The New Forest also holds 16% of the UK population.
Top tip: stick to main paths and keep dogs with you to keep ground-nesting birds safe.
Nightjar
Travelling from Africa to breed in the UK, nightjars are found in heathland, around woodland edges and in recently cleared forest. The New Forest is a stronghold for nightjar with around 15% of the UK population. Thetford Forest also holds a significant number, with 11% of the UK population.
Snipe
This small wader is found in the bogs and mires. When disturbed, they fly off rapidly in a zig-zag pattern. Their high display flights feature ‘drumming’, the noise of outer tail feathers vibrating in the air as the bird swoops down.
The chicks are perfectly patterned for hiding on the ground (as pictured). Wetland areas across the nation's forests are important for these wading birds.
How to help protect ground-nesting birds
During the ground-nesting bird season from March to August, avoid disturbing these special birds by sticking to the main tracks. Walking with a four-legged friend? Keep them with you, using leads when necessary to keep dogs under close control.
Disturbance can cause birds to abandon their nests, and predators such as crows or foxes will quickly investigate if parents are forced to leave eggs or chicks. Helping these birds breed successfully is key to their survival.
By following these simple steps during the nesting season, every forest visitor can help safeguard these rare species for the future.
